[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":926},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-page:\u002Fdocs\u002Fpython-setup":3},{"doc":4,"prev":887,"next":892,"resolvedType":8,"readingMinutes":192,"audience":900,"checklist":904,"related":908},{"path":5,"title":6,"description":7,"docType":8,"resourceKind":9,"categoryId":10,"categoryLabel":11,"updatedAt":12,"publishedAt":12,"icon":13,"body":14},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fpython-setup","Python 环境配置","Python 安装、uv 包管理器、虚拟环境与 VS Code 配置","article",null,"programming-languages","编程语言","2025-12-29","i-carbon-application",{"type":15,"value":16,"toc":867},"minimark",[17,21,25,29,49,63,67,89,92,115,126,130,139,144,148,165,168,350,353,403,406,410,480,487,490,580,587,591,612,615,633,636,640,643,699,702,714,717,752,755,759,779,783,788,792,798,801,863],[18,19,6],"h1",{"id":20},"python-环境配置",[22,23,24],"p",{},"这页最适合当“把 Python 开发环境一次配顺”的起点。真正影响体验的往往不是 Python 本身，而是版本管理、虚拟环境、依赖安装和编辑器联动是否一致。",[26,27,28],"h2",{"id":28},"推荐安装顺序",[30,31,32,36,43,46],"ol",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"先装 Python",[33,37,38,39],{},"再装 ",[40,41,42],"code",{},"uv",[33,44,45],{},"统一项目级虚拟环境和依赖同步方式",[33,47,48],{},"最后补 VS Code、Lint、格式化和镜像配置",[22,50,51,52,54,55,58,59,62],{},"如果你主要做新项目，优先走 ",[40,53,42],{}," 路线；如果要维护老项目，再兼容 ",[40,56,57],{},"pip"," + ",[40,60,61],{},"venv","。",[26,64,66],{"id":65},"安装-python","安装 Python",[68,69,74],"pre",{"className":70,"code":71,"language":72,"meta":73,"style":73},"language-powershell shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","winget install Python.Python.3.12\n","powershell","",[40,75,76],{"__ignoreMap":73},[77,78,81,85],"span",{"class":79,"line":80},"line",1,[77,82,84],{"class":83},"sVt8B","winget install Python.Python.",[77,86,88],{"class":87},"sj4cs","3.12\n",[22,90,91],{},"验证：",[68,93,97],{"className":94,"code":95,"language":96,"meta":73,"style":73},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","python --version\npip --version\n","bash",[40,98,99,108],{"__ignoreMap":73},[77,100,101,105],{"class":79,"line":80},[77,102,104],{"class":103},"sScJk","python",[77,106,107],{"class":87}," --version\n",[77,109,111,113],{"class":79,"line":110},2,[77,112,57],{"class":103},[77,114,107],{"class":87},[22,116,117,118,121,122,125],{},"如果系统里已经有多个 Python 版本，建议同时确认 ",[40,119,120],{},"py -0p"," 或 ",[40,123,124],{},"where python"," 的输出，避免装好了但命令仍指向旧版本。",[26,127,129],{"id":128},"使用-uv推荐","使用 uv（推荐）",[22,131,132,138],{},[133,134,42],"a",{"href":135,"rel":136},"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fastral-sh\u002Fuv",[137],"nofollow"," 是用 Rust 编写的极速 Python 包管理器，替代 pip + venv + pyenv。",[22,140,141,143],{},[40,142,42],{}," 的价值不只是“更快”，而是把 Python 安装、虚拟环境、依赖同步和工具执行整合成了一套更稳定的工作流。",[145,146,147],"h3",{"id":147},"安装",[68,149,151],{"className":70,"code":150,"language":72,"meta":73,"style":73},"winget install astral-sh.uv\n",[40,152,153],{"__ignoreMap":73},[77,154,155,158,162],{"class":79,"line":80},[77,156,157],{"class":83},"winget install astral",[77,159,161],{"class":160},"szBVR","-",[77,163,164],{"class":83},"sh.uv\n",[145,166,167],{"id":167},"常用命令",[68,169,171],{"className":94,"code":170,"language":96,"meta":73,"style":73},"# 创建项目\nuv init my-project\n\n# 添加依赖\nuv add requests\nuv add --dev pytest\n\n# 同步依赖\nuv sync\n\n# 运行脚本\nuv run python main.py\n\n# 管理 Python 版本\nuv python install 3.12\nuv python list\n\n# 创建虚拟环境\nuv venv\n\n# 一次性运行工具（类似 npx）\nuvx ruff check .\n",[40,172,173,179,190,197,203,214,227,232,238,246,251,257,271,276,282,295,305,310,316,324,329,335],{"__ignoreMap":73},[77,174,175],{"class":79,"line":80},[77,176,178],{"class":177},"sJ8bj","# 创建项目\n",[77,180,181,183,187],{"class":79,"line":110},[77,182,42],{"class":103},[77,184,186],{"class":185},"sZZnC"," init",[77,188,189],{"class":185}," my-project\n",[77,191,193],{"class":79,"line":192},3,[77,194,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},true,"\n",[77,198,200],{"class":79,"line":199},4,[77,201,202],{"class":177},"# 添加依赖\n",[77,204,206,208,211],{"class":79,"line":205},5,[77,207,42],{"class":103},[77,209,210],{"class":185}," add",[77,212,213],{"class":185}," requests\n",[77,215,217,219,221,224],{"class":79,"line":216},6,[77,218,42],{"class":103},[77,220,210],{"class":185},[77,222,223],{"class":87}," --dev",[77,225,226],{"class":185}," pytest\n",[77,228,230],{"class":79,"line":229},7,[77,231,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,233,235],{"class":79,"line":234},8,[77,236,237],{"class":177},"# 同步依赖\n",[77,239,241,243],{"class":79,"line":240},9,[77,242,42],{"class":103},[77,244,245],{"class":185}," sync\n",[77,247,249],{"class":79,"line":248},10,[77,250,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,252,254],{"class":79,"line":253},11,[77,255,256],{"class":177},"# 运行脚本\n",[77,258,260,262,265,268],{"class":79,"line":259},12,[77,261,42],{"class":103},[77,263,264],{"class":185}," run",[77,266,267],{"class":185}," python",[77,269,270],{"class":185}," main.py\n",[77,272,274],{"class":79,"line":273},13,[77,275,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,277,279],{"class":79,"line":278},14,[77,280,281],{"class":177},"# 管理 Python 版本\n",[77,283,285,287,289,292],{"class":79,"line":284},15,[77,286,42],{"class":103},[77,288,267],{"class":185},[77,290,291],{"class":185}," install",[77,293,294],{"class":87}," 3.12\n",[77,296,298,300,302],{"class":79,"line":297},16,[77,299,42],{"class":103},[77,301,267],{"class":185},[77,303,304],{"class":185}," list\n",[77,306,308],{"class":79,"line":307},17,[77,309,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,311,313],{"class":79,"line":312},18,[77,314,315],{"class":177},"# 创建虚拟环境\n",[77,317,319,321],{"class":79,"line":318},19,[77,320,42],{"class":103},[77,322,323],{"class":185}," venv\n",[77,325,327],{"class":79,"line":326},20,[77,328,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,330,332],{"class":79,"line":331},21,[77,333,334],{"class":177},"# 一次性运行工具（类似 npx）\n",[77,336,338,341,344,347],{"class":79,"line":337},22,[77,339,340],{"class":103},"uvx",[77,342,343],{"class":185}," ruff",[77,345,346],{"class":185}," check",[77,348,349],{"class":185}," .\n",[145,351,352],{"id":352},"更推荐的项目工作流",[68,354,356],{"className":94,"code":355,"language":96,"meta":73,"style":73},"uv init my-project\ncd my-project\nuv add requests\nuv add --dev ruff pytest\nuv run python main.py\n",[40,357,358,366,373,381,393],{"__ignoreMap":73},[77,359,360,362,364],{"class":79,"line":80},[77,361,42],{"class":103},[77,363,186],{"class":185},[77,365,189],{"class":185},[77,367,368,371],{"class":79,"line":110},[77,369,370],{"class":87},"cd",[77,372,189],{"class":185},[77,374,375,377,379],{"class":79,"line":192},[77,376,42],{"class":103},[77,378,210],{"class":185},[77,380,213],{"class":185},[77,382,383,385,387,389,391],{"class":79,"line":199},[77,384,42],{"class":103},[77,386,210],{"class":185},[77,388,223],{"class":87},[77,390,343],{"class":185},[77,392,226],{"class":185},[77,394,395,397,399,401],{"class":79,"line":205},[77,396,42],{"class":103},[77,398,264],{"class":185},[77,400,267],{"class":185},[77,402,270],{"class":185},[22,404,405],{},"这样能把项目依赖、开发依赖和运行入口一起整理好，新成员接手也更轻松。",[145,407,409],{"id":408},"进阶uv-替代-pip","进阶：uv 替代 pip",[68,411,413],{"className":94,"code":412,"language":96,"meta":73,"style":73},"# 直接用 uv 替代 pip 安装\nuv pip install requests\n\n# 从 requirements.txt 安装\nuv pip install -r requirements.txt\n\n# 编译锁文件\nuv pip compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt\n",[40,414,415,420,431,435,440,454,458,463],{"__ignoreMap":73},[77,416,417],{"class":79,"line":80},[77,418,419],{"class":177},"# 直接用 uv 替代 pip 安装\n",[77,421,422,424,427,429],{"class":79,"line":110},[77,423,42],{"class":103},[77,425,426],{"class":185}," pip",[77,428,291],{"class":185},[77,430,213],{"class":185},[77,432,433],{"class":79,"line":192},[77,434,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,436,437],{"class":79,"line":199},[77,438,439],{"class":177},"# 从 requirements.txt 安装\n",[77,441,442,444,446,448,451],{"class":79,"line":205},[77,443,42],{"class":103},[77,445,426],{"class":185},[77,447,291],{"class":185},[77,449,450],{"class":87}," -r",[77,452,453],{"class":185}," requirements.txt\n",[77,455,456],{"class":79,"line":216},[77,457,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,459,460],{"class":79,"line":229},[77,461,462],{"class":177},"# 编译锁文件\n",[77,464,465,467,469,472,475,478],{"class":79,"line":234},[77,466,42],{"class":103},[77,468,426],{"class":185},[77,470,471],{"class":185}," compile",[77,473,474],{"class":185}," requirements.in",[77,476,477],{"class":87}," -o",[77,479,453],{"class":185},[22,481,482,483,486],{},"如果你接手的是老项目，",[40,484,485],{},"uv pip"," 这组命令很适合做平滑过渡，不需要一上来就重写整个依赖体系。",[26,488,489],{"id":489},"传统虚拟环境",[68,491,493],{"className":94,"code":492,"language":96,"meta":73,"style":73},"# 创建虚拟环境\npython -m venv .venv\n\n# 激活（PowerShell）\n.venv\\Scripts\\Activate.ps1\n\n# 激活（CMD）\n.venv\\Scripts\\activate.bat\n\n# 安装依赖\npip install -r requirements.txt\n\n# 导出依赖\npip freeze > requirements.txt\n",[40,494,495,499,512,516,521,526,530,535,540,544,549,559,563,568],{"__ignoreMap":73},[77,496,497],{"class":79,"line":80},[77,498,315],{"class":177},[77,500,501,503,506,509],{"class":79,"line":110},[77,502,104],{"class":103},[77,504,505],{"class":87}," -m",[77,507,508],{"class":185}," venv",[77,510,511],{"class":185}," .venv\n",[77,513,514],{"class":79,"line":192},[77,515,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,517,518],{"class":79,"line":199},[77,519,520],{"class":177},"# 激活（PowerShell）\n",[77,522,523],{"class":79,"line":205},[77,524,525],{"class":103},".venv\\Scripts\\Activate.ps1\n",[77,527,528],{"class":79,"line":216},[77,529,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,531,532],{"class":79,"line":229},[77,533,534],{"class":177},"# 激活（CMD）\n",[77,536,537],{"class":79,"line":234},[77,538,539],{"class":103},".venv\\Scripts\\activate.bat\n",[77,541,542],{"class":79,"line":240},[77,543,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,545,546],{"class":79,"line":248},[77,547,548],{"class":177},"# 安装依赖\n",[77,550,551,553,555,557],{"class":79,"line":253},[77,552,57],{"class":103},[77,554,291],{"class":185},[77,556,450],{"class":87},[77,558,453],{"class":185},[77,560,561],{"class":79,"line":259},[77,562,196],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":195},[77,564,565],{"class":79,"line":273},[77,566,567],{"class":177},"# 导出依赖\n",[77,569,570,572,575,578],{"class":79,"line":278},[77,571,57],{"class":103},[77,573,574],{"class":185}," freeze",[77,576,577],{"class":160}," >",[77,579,453],{"class":185},[22,581,582,583,586],{},"传统方案依然完全可用，尤其适合老仓库、教学环境和依赖 ",[40,584,585],{},"requirements.txt"," 的项目。",[26,588,590],{"id":589},"配置-pip-镜像","配置 pip 镜像",[68,592,594],{"className":94,"code":593,"language":96,"meta":73,"style":73},"pip config set global.index-url https:\u002F\u002Fpypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fsimple\n",[40,595,596],{"__ignoreMap":73},[77,597,598,600,603,606,609],{"class":79,"line":80},[77,599,57],{"class":103},[77,601,602],{"class":185}," config",[77,604,605],{"class":185}," set",[77,607,608],{"class":185}," global.index-url",[77,610,611],{"class":185}," https:\u002F\u002Fpypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fsimple\n",[22,613,614],{},"uv 也支持镜像配置：",[68,616,618],{"className":94,"code":617,"language":96,"meta":73,"style":73},"# 环境变量方式\nset UV_INDEX_URL=https:\u002F\u002Fpypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fsimple\n",[40,619,620,625],{"__ignoreMap":73},[77,621,622],{"class":79,"line":80},[77,623,624],{"class":177},"# 环境变量方式\n",[77,626,627,630],{"class":79,"line":110},[77,628,629],{"class":87},"set",[77,631,632],{"class":185}," UV_INDEX_URL=https:\u002F\u002Fpypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fsimple\n",[22,634,635],{},"镜像能改善下载体验，但如果你在排查依赖问题、兼容性问题或某些包版本差异，最好先回到官方源验证一次。",[26,637,639],{"id":638},"vs-code-配置","VS Code 配置",[22,641,642],{},"推荐扩展：",[644,645,646,659],"table",{},[647,648,649],"thead",{},[650,651,652,656],"tr",{},[653,654,655],"th",{},"扩展",[653,657,658],{},"说明",[660,661,662,675,687],"tbody",{},[650,663,664,672],{},[665,666,667],"td",{},[133,668,671],{"href":669,"rel":670},"https:\u002F\u002Fmarketplace.visualstudio.com\u002Fitems?itemName=ms-python.python",[137],"Python",[665,673,674],{},"官方 Python 支持",[650,676,677,684],{},[665,678,679],{},[133,680,683],{"href":681,"rel":682},"https:\u002F\u002Fmarketplace.visualstudio.com\u002Fitems?itemName=ms-python.vscode-pylance",[137],"Pylance",[665,685,686],{},"类型检查和智能提示",[650,688,689,696],{},[665,690,691],{},[133,692,695],{"href":693,"rel":694},"https:\u002F\u002Fmarketplace.visualstudio.com\u002Fitems?itemName=charliermarsh.ruff",[137],"Ruff",[665,697,698],{},"极速 linter 和 formatter",[22,700,701],{},"推荐再确认两件事：",[703,704,705,708],"ul",{},[33,706,707],{},"VS Code 已选中项目自己的解释器，而不是系统全局 Python",[33,709,710,713],{},[40,711,712],{},"ruff","、测试和运行命令尽量走当前虚拟环境",[26,715,716],{"id":716},"新项目建议",[703,718,719,725,731,741],{},[33,720,721,722,724],{},"用 ",[40,723,42],{}," 管依赖和虚拟环境",[33,726,727,728],{},"默认使用 ",[40,729,730],{},".venv",[33,732,733,734,736,737,740],{},"把代码质量工具（如 ",[40,735,712],{},"、",[40,738,739],{},"pytest","）一起纳入开发依赖",[33,742,743,744,747,748,751],{},"README 或文档里写清 ",[40,745,746],{},"uv sync"," \u002F ",[40,749,750],{},"uv run"," 的使用方式",[26,753,754],{"id":754},"常见问题",[145,756,758],{"id":757},"明明装了-python终端里找不到","明明装了 Python，终端里找不到",[703,760,761,764,767],{},[33,762,763],{},"先重开终端",[33,765,766],{},"检查 PATH",[33,768,769,770,736,772,121,775,778],{},"Windows 上确认是否是 ",[40,771,104],{},[40,773,774],{},"python3",[40,776,777],{},"py"," 在生效",[145,780,782],{"id":781},"vs-code-跑的是错的解释器","VS Code 跑的是错的解释器",[22,784,785,786,62],{},"通常不是 VS Code 坏了，而是解释器没选对。优先切到项目里的 ",[40,787,730],{},[145,789,791],{"id":790},"要不要继续用-pip","要不要继续用 pip",[22,793,794,795,797],{},"可以。",[40,796,42],{}," 并不是强制替代，而是更适合新项目和统一工作流。老项目只要稳定，也没必要为了“新”而硬改。",[26,799,800],{"id":800},"参考链接",[703,802,803,810,817,825,833,840,848,856],{},[33,804,805,809],{},[133,806,808],{"href":807},"\u002Fsetup","Windows 重装部署清单"," — 重装后的主清单入口",[33,811,812,816],{},[133,813,815],{"href":814},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fwindows-machine-log","Windows 重装部署清单（详情）"," — 逐项版本与下载链接",[33,818,819,824],{},[133,820,823],{"href":821,"rel":822},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.python.org\u002F",[137],"Python 官网"," — 下载与文档",[33,826,827,832],{},[133,828,831],{"href":829,"rel":830},"https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.astral.sh\u002Fuv\u002F",[137],"uv 官网"," — 文档",[33,834,835,839],{},[133,836,838],{"href":135,"rel":837},[137],"uv GitHub"," — 源码",[33,841,842,847],{},[133,843,846],{"href":844,"rel":845},"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fastral-sh\u002Fruff",[137],"Ruff GitHub"," — 极速 Python linter",[33,849,850,855],{},[133,851,854],{"href":852,"rel":853},"https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\u002Fhelp\u002Fpypi\u002F",[137],"清华 PyPI 镜像"," — 使用说明",[33,857,858,862],{},[133,859,861],{"href":860},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fmise-guide","mise 多语言版本管理"," — 如果你想把 Python 和 Node、Go 等一起统一管理",[864,865,866],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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