[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":780},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-page:\u002Fdocs\u002Fdns-hosts":3},{"doc":4,"prev":743,"next":750,"resolvedType":8,"readingMinutes":217,"audience":754,"checklist":758,"related":762},{"path":5,"title":6,"description":7,"docType":8,"resourceKind":9,"categoryId":10,"categoryLabel":11,"updatedAt":12,"publishedAt":12,"icon":13,"body":14},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fdns-hosts","DNS 与 Hosts 配置","DNS 服务器推荐、Hosts 文件编辑、DNS 加密与常见问题排查","article",null,"network-security","网络与安全","2026-02-27","i-carbon-network-4",{"type":15,"value":16,"toc":717},"minimark",[17,21,30,35,52,55,63,67,175,179,184,187,191,290,294,300,303,327,330,338,342,345,361,365,368,372,375,395,398,444,448,545,548,551,575,581,584,588,591,608,612,615,626,629,640,651,654,675,678,713],[18,19,6],"h1",{"id":20},"dns-与-hosts-配置",[22,23,24,25,29],"p",{},"这页适合做“域名解析与本机覆盖的入门排障手册”。很多网络问题看起来像代理、像防火墙、像服务端故障，最后其实只是 DNS 解析不对，或者 ",[26,27,28],"code",{},"hosts"," 把结果覆盖掉了。",[31,32,34],"h2",{"id":33},"先理解-dns-和-hosts-的区别","先理解 DNS 和 Hosts 的区别",[36,37,38,46],"ul",{},[39,40,41,45],"li",{},[42,43,44],"strong",{},"DNS","：向解析服务器查询域名对应 IP，适合日常联网和全局解析",[39,47,48,51],{},[42,49,50],{},"Hosts","：本机强制指定域名解析结果，优先级通常高于 DNS",[22,53,54],{},"简单理解：",[36,56,57,60],{},[39,58,59],{},"想让整台机器都走某个公共解析服务，用 DNS",[39,61,62],{},"想在本机临时把某个域名指向测试环境，用 hosts",[31,64,66],{"id":65},"推荐-dns-服务器","推荐 DNS 服务器",[68,69,70,89],"table",{},[71,72,73],"thead",{},[74,75,76,80,83,86],"tr",{},[77,78,79],"th",{},"服务商",[77,81,82],{},"IPv4",[77,84,85],{},"IPv6",[77,87,88],{},"说明",[90,91,92,115,136,157],"tbody",{},[74,93,94,98,107,112],{},[95,96,97],"td",{},"Cloudflare",[95,99,100,103,104],{},[26,101,102],{},"1.1.1.1"," \u002F ",[26,105,106],{},"1.0.0.1",[95,108,109],{},[26,110,111],{},"2606:4700:4700::1111",[95,113,114],{},"速度快，隐私优先",[74,116,117,120,128,133],{},[95,118,119],{},"Google",[95,121,122,103,125],{},[26,123,124],{},"8.8.8.8",[26,126,127],{},"8.8.4.4",[95,129,130],{},[26,131,132],{},"2001:4860:4860::8888",[95,134,135],{},"稳定可靠",[74,137,138,141,149,154],{},[95,139,140],{},"阿里 DNS",[95,142,143,103,146],{},[26,144,145],{},"223.5.5.5",[26,147,148],{},"223.6.6.6",[95,150,151],{},[26,152,153],{},"2400:3200::1",[95,155,156],{},"国内推荐",[74,158,159,162,167,172],{},[95,160,161],{},"腾讯 DNS",[95,163,164],{},[26,165,166],{},"119.29.29.29",[95,168,169],{},[26,170,171],{},"2402:4e00::",[95,173,174],{},"国内备选",[31,176,178],{"id":177},"修改-dns","修改 DNS",[180,181,183],"h3",{"id":182},"windows-gui","Windows GUI",[22,185,186],{},"设置 → 网络和 Internet → 以太网\u002FWi-Fi → DNS 服务器分配 → 编辑",[180,188,190],{"id":189},"powershell","PowerShell",[192,193,197],"pre",{"className":194,"code":195,"language":189,"meta":196,"style":196},"language-powershell shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# 查看当前 DNS\nGet-DnsClientServerAddress\n\n# 设置 DNS（需管理员）\nSet-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias \"以太网\" -ServerAddresses (\"1.1.1.1\", \"8.8.8.8\")\n\n# 恢复自动获取\nSet-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias \"以太网\" -ResetServerAddresses\n","",[26,198,199,208,215,222,228,263,268,274],{"__ignoreMap":196},[200,201,204],"span",{"class":202,"line":203},"line",1,[200,205,207],{"class":206},"sJ8bj","# 查看当前 DNS\n",[200,209,211],{"class":202,"line":210},2,[200,212,214],{"class":213},"sj4cs","Get-DnsClientServerAddress\n",[200,216,218],{"class":202,"line":217},3,[200,219,221],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":220},true,"\n",[200,223,225],{"class":202,"line":224},4,[200,226,227],{"class":206},"# 设置 DNS（需管理员）\n",[200,229,231,234,238,242,246,248,251,254,257,260],{"class":202,"line":230},5,[200,232,233],{"class":213},"Set-DnsClientServerAddress",[200,235,237],{"class":236},"szBVR"," -",[200,239,241],{"class":240},"sVt8B","InterfaceAlias ",[200,243,245],{"class":244},"sZZnC","\"以太网\"",[200,247,237],{"class":236},[200,249,250],{"class":240},"ServerAddresses (",[200,252,253],{"class":244},"\"1.1.1.1\"",[200,255,256],{"class":236},",",[200,258,259],{"class":244}," \"8.8.8.8\"",[200,261,262],{"class":240},")\n",[200,264,266],{"class":202,"line":265},6,[200,267,221],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":220},[200,269,271],{"class":202,"line":270},7,[200,272,273],{"class":206},"# 恢复自动获取\n",[200,275,277,279,281,283,285,287],{"class":202,"line":276},8,[200,278,233],{"class":213},[200,280,237],{"class":236},[200,282,241],{"class":240},[200,284,245],{"class":244},[200,286,237],{"class":236},[200,288,289],{"class":240},"ResetServerAddresses\n",[31,291,293],{"id":292},"hosts-文件","Hosts 文件",[22,295,296,297],{},"路径：",[26,298,299],{},"C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts",[180,301,302],{"id":302},"编辑方式",[192,304,306],{"className":194,"code":305,"language":189,"meta":196,"style":196},"# 用记事本编辑（需管理员）\nnotepad C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts\n\n# 或使用 PowerToys Hosts File Editor（推荐）\n",[26,307,308,313,318,322],{"__ignoreMap":196},[200,309,310],{"class":202,"line":203},[200,311,312],{"class":206},"# 用记事本编辑（需管理员）\n",[200,314,315],{"class":202,"line":210},[200,316,317],{"class":240},"notepad C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts\n",[200,319,320],{"class":202,"line":217},[200,321,221],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":220},[200,323,324],{"class":202,"line":224},[200,325,326],{"class":206},"# 或使用 PowerToys Hosts File Editor（推荐）\n",[180,328,329],{"id":329},"常用配置",[192,331,336],{"className":332,"code":334,"language":335},[333],"language-text","# 屏蔽广告域名\n0.0.0.0 ads.example.com\n\n# 本地开发\n127.0.0.1 myapp.local\n127.0.0.1 api.myapp.local\n\n# GitHub 加速（IP 可能变化，需定期更新）\n# 通过 https:\u002F\u002Fping.chinaz.com\u002Fgithub.com 查询最快 IP\n140.82.114.4 github.com\n","text",[26,337,334],{"__ignoreMap":196},[180,339,341],{"id":340},"刷新-dns-缓存","刷新 DNS 缓存",[22,343,344],{},"修改 hosts 后需要刷新：",[192,346,348],{"className":194,"code":347,"language":189,"meta":196,"style":196},"ipconfig \u002Fflushdns\n",[26,349,350],{"__ignoreMap":196},[200,351,352,355,358],{"class":202,"line":203},[200,353,354],{"class":240},"ipconfig ",[200,356,357],{"class":236},"\u002F",[200,359,360],{"class":240},"flushdns\n",[31,362,364],{"id":363},"dns-over-https-doh","DNS over HTTPS (DoH)",[22,366,367],{},"加密 DNS 查询，防止 DNS 劫持。",[180,369,371],{"id":370},"windows-11-原生支持","Windows 11 原生支持",[22,373,374],{},"设置 → 网络 → 以太网 → DNS → 选择加密模式：",[36,376,377,383,389],{},[39,378,379,380],{},"Cloudflare DoH：",[26,381,382],{},"https:\u002F\u002Fcloudflare-dns.com\u002Fdns-query",[39,384,385,386],{},"Google DoH：",[26,387,388],{},"https:\u002F\u002Fdns.google\u002Fdns-query",[39,390,391,392],{},"阿里 DoH：",[26,393,394],{},"https:\u002F\u002Fdns.alidns.com\u002Fdns-query",[180,396,397],{"id":397},"命令行配置",[192,399,401],{"className":194,"code":400,"language":189,"meta":196,"style":196},"# 添加 DoH 服务器（需管理员）\nAdd-DnsClientDohServerAddress -ServerAddress \"1.1.1.1\" -DohTemplate \"https:\u002F\u002Fcloudflare-dns.com\u002Fdns-query\" -AllowFallbackToUdp $true -AutoUpgrade $true\n",[26,402,403,408],{"__ignoreMap":196},[200,404,405],{"class":202,"line":203},[200,406,407],{"class":206},"# 添加 DoH 服务器（需管理员）\n",[200,409,410,413,415,418,420,422,425,428,430,433,436,438,441],{"class":202,"line":210},[200,411,412],{"class":213},"Add-DnsClientDohServerAddress",[200,414,237],{"class":236},[200,416,417],{"class":240},"ServerAddress ",[200,419,253],{"class":244},[200,421,237],{"class":236},[200,423,424],{"class":240},"DohTemplate ",[200,426,427],{"class":244},"\"https:\u002F\u002Fcloudflare-dns.com\u002Fdns-query\"",[200,429,237],{"class":236},[200,431,432],{"class":240},"AllowFallbackToUdp ",[200,434,435],{"class":213},"$true",[200,437,237],{"class":236},[200,439,440],{"class":240},"AutoUpgrade ",[200,442,443],{"class":213},"$true\n",[31,445,447],{"id":446},"dns-排查","DNS 排查",[192,449,451],{"className":194,"code":450,"language":189,"meta":196,"style":196},"# 查询域名解析\nnslookup example.com\nResolve-DnsName example.com\n\n# 指定 DNS 服务器查询\nnslookup example.com 1.1.1.1\n\n# 查看 DNS 缓存\nGet-DnsClientCache | Select-Object Entry, Data\n\n# 清除缓存\nClear-DnsClientCache\n",[26,452,453,458,466,474,478,483,499,503,508,528,533,539],{"__ignoreMap":196},[200,454,455],{"class":202,"line":203},[200,456,457],{"class":206},"# 查询域名解析\n",[200,459,460,463],{"class":202,"line":210},[200,461,462],{"class":240},"nslookup ",[200,464,465],{"class":213},"example.com\n",[200,467,468,471],{"class":202,"line":217},[200,469,470],{"class":213},"Resolve-DnsName",[200,472,473],{"class":213}," example.com\n",[200,475,476],{"class":202,"line":224},[200,477,221],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":220},[200,479,480],{"class":202,"line":230},[200,481,482],{"class":206},"# 指定 DNS 服务器查询\n",[200,484,485,487,490,493,496],{"class":202,"line":265},[200,486,462],{"class":240},[200,488,489],{"class":213},"example.com",[200,491,492],{"class":213}," 1.1",[200,494,495],{"class":240},".",[200,497,498],{"class":213},"1.1\n",[200,500,501],{"class":202,"line":270},[200,502,221],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":220},[200,504,505],{"class":202,"line":276},[200,506,507],{"class":206},"# 查看 DNS 缓存\n",[200,509,511,514,517,520,523,525],{"class":202,"line":510},9,[200,512,513],{"class":213},"Get-DnsClientCache",[200,515,516],{"class":236}," |",[200,518,519],{"class":213}," Select-Object",[200,521,522],{"class":240}," Entry",[200,524,256],{"class":236},[200,526,527],{"class":236}," Data\n",[200,529,531],{"class":202,"line":530},10,[200,532,221],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":220},[200,534,536],{"class":202,"line":535},11,[200,537,538],{"class":206},"# 清除缓存\n",[200,540,542],{"class":202,"line":541},12,[200,543,544],{"class":213},"Clear-DnsClientCache\n",[31,546,547],{"id":547},"推荐使用顺序",[22,549,550],{},"遇到解析问题时，建议按这个顺序排：",[552,553,554,563,569,572],"ol",{},[39,555,556,557,103,560,562],{},"先用 ",[26,558,559],{},"nslookup",[26,561,470],{}," 看实际解析结果",[39,564,565,566,568],{},"再检查本机 ",[26,567,28],{}," 是否覆盖",[39,570,571],{},"然后确认网络、DNS 缓存或路由器设置是否影响查询",[39,573,574],{},"最后再考虑切换 DNS 服务商或启用 DoH",[22,576,577,578,580],{},"不要一上来就改 ",[26,579,28],{}," 或乱换 DNS，不然排障链路会更混乱。",[31,582,583],{"id":583},"常见问题",[180,585,587],{"id":586},"改了-hosts-还是没生效","改了 hosts 还是没生效",[22,589,590],{},"优先检查：",[36,592,593,596,602,605],{},[39,594,595],{},"是否以管理员身份保存了文件",[39,597,598,599],{},"是否执行了 ",[26,600,601],{},"ipconfig \u002Fflushdns",[39,603,604],{},"浏览器或本地 DNS 是否有额外缓存",[39,606,607],{},"域名是否走了 HTTPS 证书校验或 CDN 策略，导致“能解析但访问仍异常”",[180,609,611],{"id":610},"dns-很慢或偶发失败","DNS 很慢或偶发失败",[22,613,614],{},"可以尝试：",[36,616,617,620,623],{},[39,618,619],{},"换一组更稳定的 DNS",[39,621,622],{},"打开 DoH",[39,624,625],{},"排查本地 DNS、hosts、路由器自带解析是否干扰",[180,627,628],{"id":628},"本地开发域名打不开",[22,630,631,632,635,636,639],{},"如果你把 ",[26,633,634],{},"myapp.local"," 指向 ",[26,637,638],{},"127.0.0.1","，还要确认：",[36,641,642,645,648],{},[39,643,644],{},"本地服务是否真的监听该端口",[39,646,647],{},"应用是否允许这个 Host",[39,649,650],{},"浏览器缓存和 HSTS 是否影响访问",[31,652,653],{"id":653},"延伸阅读",[36,655,656,663,669],{},[39,657,658],{},[659,660,662],"a",{"href":661},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fnetwork-tools","网络调试工具",[39,664,665],{},[659,666,668],{"href":667},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fnetwork-proxy","网络代理与转发",[39,670,671],{},[659,672,674],{"href":673},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fnginx-basics","Nginx 基础配置",[31,676,677],{"id":677},"参考链接",[36,679,680,689,697,705],{},[39,681,682,688],{},[659,683,687],{"href":684,"rel":685},"https:\u002F\u002F1.1.1.1\u002F",[686],"nofollow","Cloudflare DNS"," — 设置指南",[39,690,691,696],{},[659,692,695],{"href":693,"rel":694},"https:\u002F\u002Fdevelopers.google.com\u002Fspeed\u002Fpublic-dns",[686],"Google Public DNS"," — 文档",[39,698,699,704],{},[659,700,703],{"href":701,"rel":702},"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Foldj\u002FSwitchHosts",[686],"SwitchHosts"," — Hosts 管理工具",[39,706,707,712],{},[659,708,711],{"href":709,"rel":710},"https:\u002F\u002Flearn.microsoft.com\u002Fen-us\u002Fwindows\u002Fpowertoys\u002Fhosts-file-editor",[686],"PowerToys Hosts Editor"," — 可视化编辑",[714,715,716],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":196,"searchDepth":210,"depth":210,"links":718},[719,720,721,725,730,734,735,736,741,742],{"id":33,"depth":210,"text":34},{"id":65,"depth":210,"text":66},{"id":177,"depth":210,"text":178,"children":722},[723,724],{"id":182,"depth":217,"text":183},{"id":189,"depth":217,"text":190},{"id":292,"depth":210,"text":293,"children":726},[727,728,729],{"id":302,"depth":217,"text":302},{"id":329,"depth":217,"text":329},{"id":340,"depth":217,"text":341},{"id":363,"depth":210,"text":364,"children":731},[732,733],{"id":370,"depth":217,"text":371},{"id":397,"depth":217,"text":397},{"id":446,"depth":210,"text":447},{"id":547,"depth":210,"text":547},{"id":583,"depth":210,"text":583,"children":737},[738,739,740],{"id":586,"depth":217,"text":587},{"id":610,"depth":217,"text":611},{"id":628,"depth":217,"text":628},{"id":653,"depth":210,"text":653},{"id":677,"depth":210,"text":677},{"path":744,"title":745,"description":746,"docType":8,"resourceKind":9,"categoryId":747,"categoryLabel":748,"updatedAt":12,"publishedAt":12,"icon":749},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fcron-scheduling","Cron 定时任务","Cron 表达式语法、常用示例、systemd timer 与 Node.js 定时任务","infra-deployment","服务器与部署","i-carbon-cloud",{"path":751,"title":752,"description":753,"docType":8,"resourceKind":9,"categoryId":747,"categoryLabel":748,"updatedAt":12,"publishedAt":12,"icon":749},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fdocker-compose-recipes","Docker Compose 常用配置","Nginx、MySQL、PostgreSQL、Redis、MinIO 等常用服务的 Docker Compose 配置模板",[755,756,757],"希望把零散经验整理成长期可复用工作流的人","需要处理网络链路或基础安全配置的人","希望阅读时顺手建立自己的操作清单或收藏体系的人",[759,760,761],"先浏览标题、摘要和目录，带着问题阅读会更高效","确认当前网络拓扑、路由权限以及是否会影响其他设备访问","如果页面里提到相关文档，尽量一起打开对照，效果通常更完整",[763,768,772,776],{"path":667,"title":764,"description":765,"docType":8,"resourceKind":9,"categoryId":10,"categoryLabel":11,"updatedAt":766,"publishedAt":767,"icon":13},"网络工具记录","内网穿透、网络诊断、网站测速与安全检查工具记录","2026-04-11","2025-10-11",{"path":661,"title":769,"description":770,"docType":8,"resourceKind":9,"categoryId":10,"categoryLabel":11,"updatedAt":771,"publishedAt":771,"icon":13},"网络诊断工具","ping、traceroute、nslookup、tcpdump、Wireshark 等网络排查工具","2026-02-28",{"path":773,"title":774,"description":775,"docType":8,"resourceKind":9,"categoryId":10,"categoryLabel":11,"updatedAt":771,"publishedAt":771,"icon":13},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fwebauthn-passkeys","WebAuthn 与 Passkeys","无密码认证原理、Passkeys 实现、浏览器 API 与服务端集成",{"path":777,"title":778,"description":779,"docType":8,"resourceKind":9,"categoryId":10,"categoryLabel":11,"updatedAt":12,"publishedAt":12,"icon":13},"\u002Fdocs\u002Fsecurity-hardening","服务器安全加固","SSH 安全、防火墙配置、fail2ban、自动更新与安全检查清单",1776215712600]